Viking Medieval Periods and Cultures

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• - UNESCO describes this archaeological complex which illustrates the elaborate trading networks of Viking-Age Europe.
  
• - Stephen T. Benninghoff gives a photograph and description of the ship discovered in 1880, buried in a huge mound of blue clay southwest of Oslo.
  
• - Describes the Viking settlement found at Woodstown near Waterford, Ireland in September 2003.
  
• - Fine objects, including jewellery, from Viking sites in the British Museum. Photographs and descriptions, with an introduction to the period.
  
• - A guide from Parks Canada to this National Historic Site, with reconstructions of three Norse buildings. History with bibliography, visitor information, picture gallery and virtual tour.
  
• - For the BBC series 'Blood of the Vikings', University College London undertook a survey to uncover Viking genes in the British Isles. The BBC explain the techniques and show the results on a map.
  
• - Includes searchable databases of archaeological sites, museums, re-enactment groups, projects, events and reconstructions. Also maps and general information on the Vikings.
  
• - Professor Steve Harding of Nottingham University heads a team looking for evidence for Viking descendants in this part of Britain.
  
• - An article with bibliography by Daniel Bray at Sydney University on the proliferation of small metal amulets representing Mjollnir, the magical hammer of the god Thor, in the archaeological record of tenth century Scandinavia.
  
• - The museum presents finds from nearby Örsund on the Viking route through the Finnish archipelago, together with reconstructed Viking houses. Viking history, visitor information.
  
• - Report by York Archaeological Trust on excavations between August and October 2000 on the industrial hub of medieval York.
  
• - This part of an exhibit from the Smithsonian about the Vikings in the New World covers the discoveries at L'Anse aux Meadows. Includes videos of reconstructions.
  
• - Report by York Archaeological Trust describing evidence for craft industries on the site including leather working, textile production, antler working and horn working.
  
• - The official website for the Viking Trail region of Newfoundland and Labrador, with visitor information for the 1,000 year-old Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows.
  
• - A study of Viking Age harbours and trade, which includes the excavation of one of the largest and most important trading places on Gotland during the Viking era. Reports can be downloaded.
  
• - The National Board of Antiquities uses the archaeological evidence to counter the myths about the period, though in some cases it seems to support the sagas.
  
• - Article provides an introduction to these warriors, also called Norsemen, as well as information about the Isle of Man, and Leif Eriksson.
  
• - Site by Rolf Badenhausen arguing that the Old Nordic Theoderic Codices provide evidence of the historical Nibelungs.
  
• - NOVA Online's video tour of a life-like scale model of Birka, a medieval Viking village that archaeologists excavated near modern-day Stockholm.
  
• - Anders Söderberg explores ancient metalcraft and research from mainly an experimental approach. Articles, images, bibliography and links.
  
• - Built on the site where the York Archaeological Trust found the amazingly well-preserved remains of part of Viking Jorvik (York). A massive range of evidence was recovered and has been used to recreate every last aspect of everyday life.
  
• - The museum is located where the first town in Denmark was founded. Includes reconstructions of the market place in 720 and the manor farm in 980.
  
• - BBC Online presents aspects of the history of the Vikings in the British Isles. Includes dig reports, 3D model of a Viking age farm at Ribblehead, Yorkshire, and fun approaches for kids.
  
• - The Vikings transformed culture and society in 9th-11th century East Anglia, writes Andrew Rogerson in British Archaeology.
  
• - A reconstruction of a chieftain's homestead in Norway, based on the discovery of a remarkably large building. Includes an illustrated description of the excavation by Tromsø Museum.
  
• - An illustrated history and description from The Canadian Museum of Civilization of the Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, on the northern coast of Newfoundland.
  
• - John Slatter gives the historical background to an exhibition of archaeological treasures from the first Scandinavian settlement in Russia.
  
• - Illustrated, scholarly study by Scott Mandia on the impact of long-term climate changes on the Viking civilization in Greenland and Iceland.
  
• - An illustrated article from Infohub on L'Anse aux Meadows, the only authenticated Viking site in North America, a National Historic Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site.