Absolute Zero Cryotechnology Technology

@Intermall

Top: Science: Technology: Cryotechnology: Absolute_Zero:

• - Can you really make a system which has a temperature below absolute zero? From the Usenet Physics FAQ.
  
• - A detailed links list of about 50 research groups around the world, with an immense list of subject links, as well. From the Laser Physics Group at Umeå University, Sweden.
  
• - Using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study. Nobel Prize for Chu, Phillips, and Cohen-Tannoudji.
  
• - Download page for free copies of several "Cool Simulations."
  
• - This department of the National Institute of Standards and Technology studies the physics of laser cooling, electromagnetic trapping, and other radiative manipulation of neutral atoms and dielectric particles. Home of 1997 Nobel Prize winner William D.
  
• - An answer from the Lansing State Journal in Michigan, January 29, 1992.
  
• - Click on: "Experiment X: Ideal Gas Law and the Absolute Zero of Temperature." Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. The experiment uses liquid nitrogen.
  
• - Press releases from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and explanations of the work on Bose-Einstein condensates which won the Nobel Prize.
  
• - This includes the press release of the Nobel Committee for the prize given to Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. For those wanting more scientific details, be su
  
• - "A new form of matter at the coldest temperatures in the universe." Simplified, surprisingly clear explanation. Includes cartoon illustrations.
  
• - A summary of the NIST project.